Rob Kennedy mingled with about a dozen other people in a community space in Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania.
The room, decorated with an under-the-sea theme, had a balloon arch decked out with streamers meant to look like jellyfish and a cloud of clear balloons mimicking ocean bubbles.
Kennedy comes to this memory cafe twice a month since being diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer鈥檚 disease in his late 50s.
Everyone here has a degree of memory loss or is a caregiver for someone with memory loss.
Attendees colored on worksheets with an underwater theme. They drank coffee and returned to the breakfast bar for seconds on pastries.
A quick round of trivia got everyone鈥檚 minds working.
鈥淲e start out with just little trivia 鈥� many of us cannot answer any of the questions,鈥� Kennedy said with a laugh.
鈥淲e all have a good time going around,鈥� he added. 鈥淵ou know, we all try to make it fun.鈥�
The northeastern Pennsylvania memory cafe Kennedy attends is one of around the country, according to Dementia Friendly America. The gatherings for people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers are relatively cheap and easy to run 鈥� often the only expense is a small rental fee for the space.
As state and local health departments nationwide try to make sense of what the potential loss of will mean for the services they can offer their communities, memory cafe organizers believe their work may become even more important.
Losing Memory, and Other Things, Too
Kennedy鈥檚 diagnosis led him to retire, ending a decades-long career as a at the .
He recommends memory cafes to other people with dementia and their families.
鈥淚f they鈥檙e not coming to a place like this, they鈥檙e doing themselves a disservice. You got to get out there and see people that are laughing.鈥�
The memory cafes he attends happen twice a month. They have given him purpose, Kennedy said, and help him cope with negative emotions around his diagnosis.
鈥淚 came in and I was miserable,鈥� Kennedy said. 鈥淚 come in now and it鈥檚 like, it鈥檚 family, it鈥檚 a big, extended family. I get to meet them. I get to meet their partners. I get to meet their children. So, it鈥檚 really nice.鈥�
in the U.S. have been diagnosed with some form of dementia. The diagnosis can be burdensome on relationships, particularly with family members who are the primary caregivers.
A new report from the found that 70% of caregivers reported that coordinating care is stressful. Socializing can also become more difficult after diagnosis.
鈥淥ne thing I have heard again and again from people who come to our memory cafe is 鈥榓ll of our friends disappeared,鈥欌�� said , a social worker at , where she directs the Alzheimer鈥檚 and related dementia family support program.
The inclusion of caregivers is what distinguishes memory cafes from other programs that serve people with cognitive impairment, like adult day care. Memory cafes don鈥檛 offer formal therapies. At a memory cafe, having fun together and being social supports the well-being of participants. And that support is for the patient and their caregiver 鈥� because both can experience social isolation and distress after a diagnosis.
A 2021 study published in indicated that even online memory cafes during the pandemic provided social support for both patients and their family members.
鈥淎 memory cafe is a cafe which recognizes that some of the clients here may have cognitive impairment, some may not,鈥� said , a geriatrics professor at the University of Pennsylvania鈥檚 Perelman School of Medicine and the co-director of the .
Karlawish regularly recommends memory cafes to his patients, in part because they benefit caregivers as well.
鈥淭he caregiver-patient dyad, I find often, has achieved some degree of connection and enjoyment in doing things together,鈥� Karlawish said. 鈥淔or many, that鈥檚 a very gratifying experience, because dementia does reshape relationships.鈥�
鈥淭hat socialization really does help ease the stress that they feel from being a caregiver,鈥� said , a neurologist who also teaches at Penn鈥檚 Perelman School of Medicine. 鈥淲e know that patients have better quality of life when their caregivers are under less stress.鈥�
An Affordable Way To Address a Growing Problem
As the population grows older, the number of available family caregivers is decreasing, according to the The report found that the number of potential caregivers for an individual 80 or older will decrease significantly by 2050.
In 2024, the Alzheimer鈥檚 Association issued a in dementia cases in the U.S. from an estimated 6.9 million people age 65 or older currently living with Alzheimer鈥檚 disease to 13.8 million people by 2060. It attributed this increase primarily to the aging of the baby boom generation, or those born between .
As cases of memory loss are projected to rise, the Trump administration is attempting to cut billions in health spending. Since memory cafes don鈥檛 rely on federal dollars, they may become an even more important part of the continuum of care for people with memory loss and their loved ones.
鈥淲e鈥檙e fighting off some pretty significant Medicaid cuts at the congressional level,鈥� said , director of Medicaid policy for , a national nonprofit network of services for people as they age. 鈥淢edicaid is a program that doesn鈥檛 necessarily pay for memory cafes, but thinking about ensuring that the long-term care continuum and the funding mechanisms that support it are robust and remain available for folks is going to be key.鈥�
The nonprofit operates two memory cafes in Toledo, Ohio. They鈥檙e virtually free to operate, because they take place in venues that don鈥檛 require payment, according to , the executive director.
鈥淭hat really helps from a cost standpoint, from a funding standpoint,鈥� Bollin said.
One of the memory cafes takes place once a month at a local coffee shop. The other meets at the Toledo Museum of Art. MemoryLane Care Services provides the museum employees with training in dementia sensitivity so they can lead tours for the memory cafe participants.
The memory cafe that Rob Kennedy attends in Pennsylvania costs about $150 a month to run, according to the host organization, .
鈥淭his is a labor of love,鈥� said board member , referring to the volunteers who run the memory cafe. 鈥淭he fact that they鈥檙e giving up time 鈥� they recognize that this is important.鈥�
The monthly budget goes toward crafts, books, coffee, snacks, and some utilities for the two-hour meetings. Local foundations provide grants that help cover those costs.
Even though memory cafes are inexpensive and not dependent on federal funding, they could face indirect obstacles because of the Trump administration鈥檚 recent funding cuts.
Organizers worry the loss of federal funds could negatively affect the host institutions, such as libraries and other community spaces.
Memory Cafe Hot Spot: Wisconsin
At least 39 states have hosted memory cafes recently, according to Wisconsin has the most 鈥� more than 100.
The state has a strong infrastructure focused on memory care, which should keep its memory cafes running regardless of what is happening at the federal level, according to , a professor emerita of psychology at the . She co-founded the , which oversees .
鈥淭hey鈥檝e operated on the grassroots, they鈥檝e operated on pretty small budgets and a lot of goodwill,鈥� she said.
Since 2013, Wisconsin has also had a unique network for dementia care, with state-funded for each county and federally recognized tribe in Wisconsin. The specialists help connect individuals with cognitive impairment to community resources, bolstering memory cafe attendance.
McFadden first heard about memory cafes in 2011, before they were popular in the United States. She was conducting research on memory and teaching courses on aging.
McFadden reached out to memory cafes in the United Kingdom, where the model was already popular and well connected. Memory cafe organizers invited her to visit and observe them in person, so she planned a trip overseas with her husband.
Their tour skipped over the typical tourist hot spots, taking them to more humble settings.
鈥淲e saw church basements and senior center dining rooms and assisted living dining rooms,鈥� she said. 鈥淭hat, to me, is really the core of memory cafes. It鈥檚 hospitality. It鈥檚 reaching out to people you don鈥檛 know and welcoming them, and that鈥檚 what they did for us.鈥�
After her trip, McFadden started applying for grants and scouting locations that could host memory cafes in Wisconsin.
She opened her first one in Appleton, Wisconsin, in 2012, just over a year after her transformative trip to the U.K.
These days, she points interested people to a national directory of memory cafes hosted by . The organization鈥檚 also offers training modules 鈥� developed by McFadden and her colleague 鈥� to help people establish cafes in their own communities, wherever they are.
鈥淭hey鈥檙e not so hard to set up; they鈥檙e not expensive,鈥� McFadden said. 鈥淚t doesn鈥檛 require an act of the legislature to do a memory cafe. It takes community engagement.鈥�
This article is part of a partnership with and .